Evidence: indicators

31 articles. Distilled findings; bold = already cited in the docs.

Farmland biodiversity monitoring in Ireland (news) — Teagasc is developing a system to track farmland biodiversity for the first time within its annual National Farm Survey, which samples 1,000 to 1,200 Irish farms. The plan links a satellite-derived…
Volunteer ocean conservation travel in Europe (news) — The article is a travel guide to European marine volunteering, timed to World Oceans Day. It describes projects in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Iceland and the Arctic Circle, including plastic…
China's national environmental monitoring system (news) — China's National Environmental Monitoring Centre (CNEMC) has unveiled an integrated national monitoring system that combines satellite, atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine data with real-time…
Remote sensing of soil microbes (news) (needs verification) — Researchers from the University of Manchester and Lancaster University found that airborne hyperspectral imagery of plant canopies can predict the abundance and diversity of soil microbes beneath…
Climate-friendly home improvements (news) — This roundup offers seven practical home-level measures to reduce carbon footprints, boost nature-friendliness, and improve resilience to extreme weather. Recommendations range from gravel driveways…
Record-breaking super El Niño event (news) — Australia's Bureau of Meteorology reports that average weekly sea-surface temperatures in the central Pacific have reached record highs, weeks before El Niño's expected December peak. Parts of the…
El Niño sea surface monitoring (news) — El Niño is a recurring natural climate pattern that warms parts of the equatorial Pacific every two to seven years. The article compares the strong 1997-98 and 2015-16 events with the current 2026…
Record global sea surface temperatures (news) — Copernicus Climate Change Service confirmed that the daily global average sea surface temperature reached 21.1°C on 22 August 2026, exceeding the previous record of 21.09°C set in March 2024, in the…
El Niño's effect on Atlantic hurricanes (news) (needs verification) — For the first time in over 30 years, no Atlantic hurricane formed during September, and the 2026 season may become the only satellite-era season without one. A strong El Niño is suppressing Atlantic…
Antarctic and Arctic sea ice extent (news) — Provisional NSIDC data show Antarctic sea ice reached its winter peak on 14 September 2026 at 17.59 million square kilometres, the third-smallest maximum since satellite records began 48 years ago.…
Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent (news) (needs verification) — Arctic sea ice reached its 2026 annual minimum extent on Sept. 12, covering about 1.78 million square miles and tying for the 10th-lowest minimum in the satellite record. The past 20 years have…
Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent (news) — Arctic sea ice extent averaged 6.1 million km² in August 2026, 9.2% below the 1991–2020 average and the 12th-lowest August in the 48-year satellite record. Antarctic extent averaged 17.0 million km²,…
Antarctic sea ice extent decline (news) — NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center report that Antarctic sea ice reached its 2026 maximum extent on September 14, covering about 17.59 million square kilometers. That is the third-lowest…
Global September 2026 temperature records (news) — NOAA reports that September 2026 was the second-warmest September on record globally, 2.39°F (1.33°C) above the 20th-century average and trailing only 2023. Global sea surface temperatures set an…
Wearable methane monitoring for cattle (news) — Australian researchers and the Global Methane Hub have developed the ZELP Sense, a neoprene sock-like wearable that continuously measures methane near a cow's nostrils and sends data to a smartphone…
Regenerative livestock greenwashing (opinion) — Agribusiness groups in South America cited a 2023 NASA satellite carbon inventory to claim their countries were "carbon positive" and that livestock's climate impact was a myth. The NASA study…
Indian Ocean Dipole forecast (platform) (needs verification) — Despite its ENSO title, this IRI page is a forecast for the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which measured positive in September 2026 with a Dipole Mode Index of +0.51 °C. Multi-model ensemble forecasts…
Regional coral bleaching heat stress monitoring (platform) — NOAA Coral Reef Watch has released an experimental daily 5km Regional Virtual Stations product (219 stations, version 3.1, released July 31, 2019) that aggregates satellite heat stress data across…
sea-surface temperature monitoring (platform) (needs verification) — Climate Pulse provides near real-time updates of global sea-surface temperatures and other climate variables from the Copernicus Climate Change Service. It enables monitoring of current climate…
JMA El Niño monitoring and forecasts (platform) — JMA's El Niño Monitoring and Outlook page presents observed and forecast Pacific and Indian Ocean conditions. The data table shows the NINO.3 SST deviation rising from -0.5°C in Oct 2025 to +4.0°C in…
ENSO strength probability outlook (reference) (needs verification) — NOAA's Climate Prediction Center issued an October 2026 outlook of Relative Oceanic Niño Index (RONI) values for nine overlapping three-month seasons, shown as probabilistic ranges at 50%, 70%, and…
ocean carbon dioxide (reference) (needs verification) — The article presents long-term measurements of surface ocean carbon dioxide levels at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific, showing trends in ocean CO2 uptake and its relationship to atmospheric CO2.…
Atmospheric CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa (reference) (needs verification) — NOAA's page reports monthly mean atmospheric carbon dioxide from Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, which holds the longest direct CO2 measurement record, begun by C. David Keeling in 1958. The latest…
Arctic and Antarctic sea ice trends (reference) — Copernicus Climate Change Service's indicator page reports that satellite records since late 1978 show a marked long-term retreat in Arctic sea ice, with September Arctic trends of -13.5% per decade…
Living Planet Index calculation biases (study) — The Living Planet Index (LPI) reports that monitored vertebrate populations declined by almost 70% over about 50 years, yet other studies using the same data find increasing and decreasing…
Earth observation for climate adaptation monitoring (study) — This article examines how satellite-based Earth Observation (EO) data can support monitoring of the Paris Agreement's Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) by providing indicators in agriculture,…
Seismology-based soil mapping and soil degradation (study) — Soils are one of the least understood ecosystems on Earth, and existing satellite and farm-level tools cannot easily measure their moisture, carbon, or nutrient content. A team of British researchers…
[cited] Satellite and local knowledge integration in West African forest… (study) — Combining Landsat forest-cover trajectories (2000–2022) with household surveys from 2,621 respondents across nine West African forest patches, the study finds that satellite and local knowledge agree…
Relative Niño-3.4 index ENSO monitoring (study) (needs verification) — Seasonal forecasts from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble predicted La Niña-like North American winter patterns in 2024/25 that were stronger than those forecast for the strong El Niño winter…
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation monitoring (study) (needs verification) — The RAPID project has used arrays of moorings at 26.5°N to measure the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) continuously for more than 20 years. The observations show that the MOC varies…
Global atmospheric methane trends (study) — NOAA's Global Monitoring Laboratory publishes globally averaged monthly atmospheric methane (CH4) values from marine surface sites, with June 2026 at 1934.57 ppb versus 1929.17 ppb in June 2025. The…